Інститут тваринництва

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article 

Khalak V. I., Ph. D., Senior Researcher.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-6394
State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS"
Rossokha V. I., Ph. D., Senior Researcher.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-9349
 Institute of Animal Husbandry of the NAAS
Bordun O. M., Ph. D., Senior Researcher.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-771X
 Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the NAAS
Chehorka P. T.,  https://orcid.org/0000-001-7780-9578
State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS"

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-233-244

Keywords: young pigs, breed, fattening and meat qualities, index, variability, correlation, cost of additional products.

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of biochemical indicators of blood serum and their relationship with the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed, as well as the calculation of the level of correlations between the signs and the economic efficiency of their use in the conditions of the industrial complex.
   Studies show that the biochemical indicators of blood serum of young pigs of the large white breed correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals, namely: the total protein content is 83.46 g/l, the urea content is 5.15 mmol/l, the urea nitrogen content is 10.14 mg %; the coefficient of variation of the specified quantitative features of the interior ranges from 4.85 to 14.99 %. By the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the animals of the total sample (N=42) exceed the minimum requirements of the elite class by 6.57, the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae - 28.62, the length of the chilled carcass - 3.72 %.
   Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of animals according to the "intensity of formation" index, it was established that the young pigs of the II experimental group (∆t=0.715-1.011) prevailed over the peers of the same age I (∆t=1.076-1.356) in terms of average daily live weight gain, the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg and fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae by an average of 3.61%. There was no significant difference between the groups in the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, the length of the chilled carcass, the largest (front) and smallest (back) width of the bacon half of the carcass. The number of reliable connections between biochemical indicators of blood serum, fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the controlled population is 33.33 %. The criterion for selecting highly productive animals of the main herd according to the absolute indicators of the fattening and meat qualities of their offspring is their compliance with the elite class, and according to the "intensity of formation" index - 0.715-1.011 points. 

References

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article 

Ushakova S. V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, 
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-1515
Levchenko M. V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-8955
Kherson State Agrarian and Economics University

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-220-232

Keywords: selection index, evaluation index, selection, crossbreeding, Landrace, Duroc, Pietren, Large White breed, pigs.

Abstract

An increase in the productivity of animals is associated with a general improvement of the population, which largely depends on the accuracy of the genotype assessment. The most accurate estimates can be obtained with the help of modern indices: evaluation and selection. At the same time, it is important to calculate the weight coefficients of the traits included in the selection index structure, separately for each herd (breed). Evaluation by indices allows selecting the best animals in the herd for further use. According to the results of the evaluation of the reproductive qualities of sows in crossbreeding using evaluation and selection indices, the superiority of large white breed sows covered with boars of the landrace breed was established, and the lowest among pigs of the combinations ♀P×♂D and ♀D×♂P. At the stage of studying the growth dynamics of pigs, we studied the patterns of individual development of animals in ontogenesis according to criteria that would characterize growth indicators and allow us to determine the type of their formation. Animals of the ♀D×♂P group outperformed their counterparts and other experimental groups. Animals of the ♀P×♂D and ♀D×♂P groups had the highest index of growth uniformity. At the same time, the control group and the combination ♀VB×♂L were inferior to them. The superiority of pigs in terms of growth intensity of the ♀D×♂P group shows the high energy of the formation of animals, they reached slaughter conditions faster under the same conditions of keeping and feeding compared to other groups. Animals of the combination ♀P×♂D were characterized by the most uniform growth at this stage. During the fattening period, the superiority of the offspring of the combination ♀D×♂P in terms of the index of fattening qualities was preserved. In order to select highly productive individuals, for further use in crossbreeding, we calculated selection indices for evaluating gilts by reproductive capacity, for evaluating the fattening and fattening and meat qualities of the offspring.

References

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article 

Trishin O. K., Dr. sc. agr., Professor, Academician of NAAS,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-6547
Drozdov S. E., Ph. D., Senior Researcher.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-1937
Drozdova O. V. Researcher, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-4641
Institute of Animal Science of NAAS

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-213-219

Keywords: replacement heifers, live weight, growth intensity, silage, sorghum, nutrients, chemical composition.

Abstract

  The article experimentally substantiates the dynamics of changes in live weight and growth intensity of repair heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed using silage from a mixture of corn and sorghum.
  The research was conducted on three groups of 9-month-old Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy heifers with a live weight of 227 kg, 9 heads in each group. Heifers of the first (control) group received a diet consisting of corn silage. In the diets of the animals of the second and third (experimental) groups, respectively, 50% and 100% of this silage was replaced with silage made from the green mass of combined corn and sorghum crops. 
   The use of corn-sorghum silage in the diets of heifers slightly reduced the crude protein content in the diet, but it met the detailed feeding standards. The crude fiber content per 1 kg of dry matter of the diets was almost the same and amounted to 211, 215 and 219 g/kg of dry matter in the groups, respectively.
   The replacement of silage in the rations of heifers of the experimental groups contributed to an increase in their average daily gain, compared to the control group, on the fourth and fifth month of the experiment, respectively, by 3.0 and 11.2 % and by 8.2 and 13.8 % (p≤0.05), respectively, which is probably due to a lower degree of rumen protein breakdown, resulting in a greater amount of it entering the small intestine, where it was actually absorbed.
   According to the results of the research, taking into account the fact that the yield of green mass of combined crops of sorghum and corn is at least one and a half times higher than that of corn, it can be said that in order to ensure sustainable feed supply to the livestock industry in the face of climate change, as well as to increase feed production per unit of land area, while reducing their cost, it is advisable to use silage made from combined crops of sorghum and corn in the technology of growing heifers.

References

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article 

Tkachova Iryna, Doctor of Agricultural Sci., Senior Researcher,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-7257
Institute of animal science of NAAS of Ukraine

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-198-212

Keywords: horses, Ukrainian trotting breed group, breeding mares, genealogical combinations, lines, parent families, generation, selection traits.

Abstract

The object of research was an array of breeding mares of the newly created Ukrainian trotting breed group of horses, registered as of 01.01.2023 (n=194). 91.6% of all breeding mares were tested on racetracks with an average liveliness of 2.12.9 min. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of the investigated array, the genealogical structure, and the effectiveness of genealogical combinations were determined.
   The liveliest mares were selected for breeding stock of the Dibrivskiy stud (average liveliness 2.08.2±0.86 min.). In prize-winning precocity, mares of Zaporizhskiy stud with a high probability (p<0.01) prevail over mares of other stud farms (average sprightliness at 2 years of age – 2.24.9±1.47 min.). The highest record liveliness at an older age in mares of the Dibrivskiy stud (2.05.4±0.64 min.). Of all the evaluated mares of the newly created breed group, 12% are in the liveliness class of 2.05 min. and more lively and almost half (48.8%) to class 2.10 min. and livelier. The majority of mares belong to the liveliness classes of 2.05.1-2.10.0 min. (36.8%), 2.10.1-2.15.0 min. (19.7%), 2.00.1-2.05 min. (12,0 %), 2.15.1-2.20 min (9.4%). In the breeding stock of the Dibrivskiy stud, 10 mares (32.3%) are in the liveliness class of 2.05 min. and more lively, 21 mares (67.7%) are to liveliness class 2.10 min and livelier. In general, it can be stated that liveliness is a fairly consolidated feature (Cv=7.28) of the reproductive composition of the newly formed trotting breed group.
   According to the results of the assessment of body measurements, it was established that the mares of the Dibrivskiy stud prevail in terms of height at the withers and length of the body (p<0.05), so it can be stated that the selection strategy of this farm is aimed at the right movement of combining high prize productivity with exterior indicators. Mares of all stud farms practically do not differ in chest girth and wrist. the highest score for origin, type, exterior and prize performance was given to mares of the Dibrivskiy Stud (p<0.05). The mares of the Lymarivskiy stud farm received the highest marks for their measured performance.
   The analysis of the genealogical structure determined the origin of breeding stallions from 6 and reproductive mares from 9 genealogical lines. The Speedy Crown line is the most developed in terms of stallions and mares (46.7 and 34.3%, respectively). The highest record liveliness for the distance of 1600 m (at the level of liveliness class 2.10 min. and livelier) belongs to mares of lines: Hut Moon (125.5±1.55 s) and Arnie Almahurs (127.6±1.37 s). The most precocious mares of the lines: Low Hanover (142.7±3.17 s), Worthy Boy (143.1±1.53 s), Hut Moon (144.5±3.75 s) and Speedy Crown (146.1±1.71 s). The studied array of mares is divided into 25 maternal families. The results of the analysis show that Ruta's mare of line is most effectively combined with genealogical lines.

References

1. Aleshchenko, O. O., Rossokha, V. I., & Tur, H. M. (2010). Henetychna struktura ukrainskoi populiatsii rysakiv za polimorfnymy systemamy bilkiv krovi [Genetic structure of the Ukrainian population of trotters according to polymorphic systems of blood proteins]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu tvarynnytstva NAAN– Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science of the National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 103. 105-112 [in Ukranian].

2. Baranovskyi, D. I., Brahinets, O. M., & Khokhlov, A. M. (2017). Biometriia v prohramnomu seredovyshchi MS Excel :navchalnyi posibnyk. [Biometrics in MS Excel software]. Kharkiv: SPD FO Brovin O. V. 90 [in Ukranian].

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6. Tkachenko, O. O., Tkachova, I. V., Hdanska, K. V., Rossokha, V. I., Tur, H. M., & Aleshchenko, O. A. (2015). Prohrama selektsii konei rosiiskoi rysystoi porody (ukrainskoi rysystoi porodnoi hrupy) do 2020 roku [Breeding program for horses of the Ukrainian trotters until 2020], za red. N. V. Kudriavskoi, I. V. Tkachovoi. Kharkiv : Instytut tvarynnytstva NAAN, 92 [in Ukranian].

7. Tkachova, I. V. (2017). Zberezhennia ta udoskonalennia zavodskykh porid konei v umovakh obmezhenoho henofondu [Preservation and improvement of factory breeds of horses in conditions of a limited gene pool]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu tvarynnytstva NAAN – Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science of the National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 118. 180-191 [in Ukranian].

8. Tkachova, I. V., & Tkachenko, O. O. (2017). Ukrainska rysysta porodna hrupa konei [Ukrainian trotting breed group of horses]. Ahrarna nauka – vyrobnytstvu. Kyiv: Ahrarna nauka, 3 (81). 21 [in Ukranian].

9. Tkachova, I. V., Frolova H. O., & Platonova, N. P. (2022). Efektyvnist modelei pidboru za henealohichnymy hrupamy pry otrymanni pleminnykh kobyl v orlovskii rysystii porodi konei ukrainskoi populiatsii [The effectiveness of selection models by genealogical groups in obtaining breeding mares in the Orlov’s trotters of the Ukrainian population]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu tvarynnytstva NAAN – Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science of the National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 128. 188-197. https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2022-128-188-197 [in Ukranian].

10. Thiruvenkadan, A. K., Kandasamy, N., & Panneerselvam, S. (2009). Inheritance of racing performance of trotter horses: an overview. Livest. Sci. 124. 163-181.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.01.010.

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article 

Sushko Alexei, Ph.D., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-064X
Institute of Animal Science of NAAS
Zhegunov G., Doctor of Biological Sci., Professor,
https//orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-7890
State University of Biotechnology.
Savelieva M., Ph.D., https//orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-933Х
Yeletska L., Researcher, https//orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-0183Х
Martinyk I., Ph.D., https//orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-124X
Institute of Animal Science of NAAS

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-182-197

Keywords: artificial insemination, environments, semen, animals, bulls, stallions, cryoprotectants, freezing.

Abstract

A retrospective review of domestic and foreign sources of literature is presented, as well as data of published own research on cryopreservation of animal sperm. The main historical stages of the creation of protective environments for deep freezing of sperm are given.
   In the 30s of the last century, a phenomenon characterized by the death of spermatozoa upon sharp cooling in the range of positive temperatures was discovered. It is called temperature shock of sperm. To prevent it, it is proposed to add substances containing phospholipids to the composition of diluents. Such environments can contain both simple components - native chicken egg yolk or milk, and high-tech - lipoproteins, isolated phospholipids of various origins. To stabilize protein-lipid complexes of plasma membranes and acrosomes of sperm during the cooling process, carbohydrates are added to the diluents. Sugars are components of energy supply for sperm and, along with salts, they are the main osmotic regulators. A combination of two or three carbohydrates in the medium was traditionally considered necessary. However, the Kharkiv school of reproductive specialists has proven the possibility of creating effective protective environments using only one sugar - sucrose or lactose - based on considerable practical experience.
   The effectiveness of germ cell freezing is shown depending on the cryoprotectants used. Glycerin is the first known endocellular cryoprotectant, which is still unsurpassed in sperm cryopreservation. Our own experimental data on the effect of combinations of glycerol with substances from the amide group on the main biological indicators of sperm after deconservation are presented. Cryoprotectants dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were tested in own experiments on stallion semen. The experiments studied the effect of different concentrations of the above-mentioned penetrating cryoprotectants both on the main physiological characteristics of stallion sperm (motility, survival), and on the degree of damage to the membrane apparatus of sperm. The effectiveness of certain combinations of these substances has been proven.
   Methods of preventing the negative impact of oxygen and the development of lipid peroxidation processes in sperm during cryopreservation are presented. The concept of using additional hormonal components in diluents, in particular prostaglandin F2a, is revealed. The materials related to the effect on the quality of reproductive cells of healing preparations are displayed.

References

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57. Buhrov, O. D., Tykhona, H. S., & Skliarov, P. M. (1997). Vykorystannia kompleksu antybiotykiv  hentamitsynu z ampitsylinom dlia dekontaminatsii embrionoiv ta spermy buhaiv [Use of a complex of antibiotics gentamicin with ampicillin for decontamination of embryos and sperm of bulls] Zb. materialiv mizhnar. nauk. prakt. konf. Lviv. akad.vet.medytsyny im. S.Z. Hzhytskoho, 121-122 [in Ukrainian].

58. Buhrov, O. D., & Skliarov, P. M. (1998) Dodavannia  hentamitsynu  ta ampitsylinu v  seredovyshcha dlia zamorozhuvannia spermy buhaiv. [Addition of gentamicin and ampicillin to bull sperm freezing medium]: Naukovo- tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu tvarynntsva, Kharkiv 75,  53-57 [in Ukrainian].

59. Buhrov, O. D., & Skliarov, P. M. (1998). Dodavannia antybiotykiv v spermu buhaiv [Addition of antibiotics to the semen of bulls]. Problemy zooinzhenerii ta veterynarnoi medytsyny.  Kharkiv, 27, 52-54 [in Ukrainian].

60. Skliarov, P. N. (1997). Yspolzovanye kompleksa antybyotykov hentamytsyna y ampytsyllyna dlia sanatsyy spermy i embryonov [The use of a complex of antibiotics gentamicin and ampicillin for the sanitation of sperm and embryos] Vykorystannia transplantatsii embrioniv v selektsii vitvorennia silskohospodarskykh tvaryn, Askaniia-Nova: materily mizhnar.nauk.-vyrob. konf.,78-79 [in Russian].

61. Skliarov, P. M. (1998). Vplyv kompleksu antybiotykiv hentamitsyn+ ampitsylin  na perezhyvaiemist i zaplidniuvalnu zdatnist buhaiv-plidnykiv [The influence of the complex of antibiotics gentamicin + ampicillin on the survivability and fertilizing ability of breeder bulls] Problemy zooinzhenerii ta veterynarii medytsyny. Kharkiv, 36-38 [in Ukrainian].

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article 

Sediuk I.,  PhD, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-2868
Zolotarov A., PhD, Researcher, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-3988
Prusova G., PhD, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-5720
Podobed L., Doctor of Agricultural Sci., Professor,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-4597
Kravchenko Yuriy, PhD, Senior Researcher,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-582X
Yeletska L., Researcher, https//orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-0183
Institute of Animal Science of NAAS
Zolotarova S., PhD, docent, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-5603
State Biotechnology University

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-172-181

Keywords: protected protein, cows, milk productivity, protein supplement, heat stress.

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the reduction of the negative influence of heat stress on the milk productivity of cows in the second half of lactation due to the use of a protein feed additive with protected protein and starch.
   One of the factors of effective milk production with intensive management of the industry is the creation of comfortable conditions for keeping animals on the farm. Highly productive cows are quite demanding on the conditions of maintenance and microclimate.
   The study of the productive action of the complex drug Bypass protein + passable starch under the influence of temperature stress was carried out by us for the first time. The influence of the thermal factor of the environment on the productivity of cows is well described in the literature and the mechanisms of such an effect are described. The main consequence of the reaction of cows to temperature stress is a decrease in the consumption of dry matter of feed. This factor becomes the main factor in reducing productivity due to energy and protein deficiency.
   The same reaction was observed in our studies, both in the control and experimental groups. But we confirmed for the first time that the actions of compensation of temperature stress can be controlled due to the configurations of protein and energy entering the body by bypassing the scar.
   In our research, it has been proven for the first time that even in the conditions of reduced feed consumption, this way of providing cows with protein and energy is a reliable way of managing the productivity of cows and stabilizing their homeostasis during the period of temperature conditions that are dangerous for the existence of animals.
   It was established that the decrease in daily milk yield by 1.3 kg is a consequence of the negative influence of the temperature factor, when the daily air temperature in the summer period was at the level of +24.5-36.4 oС. The proof of this is the decrease in the rate of decline in the level of milk productivity of the cows of the experimental groups in August, when the average daily air temperature dropped to +24-26 °C.
   Modernization of the feeding ration of high-yielding cows by increasing the content of non-degradable protein in the rumen to the norm during temperature stress contributed to better adaptation of animals to productivity and quality indicators of milk.

References

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2. Matthews, T. K., Wilby, R. L., & Murphy, C. (2017). Communicating the deadly consequences of global warming for human heat stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(15), 3861–3866. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617526114.

3. West, J. W. (2003). Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J. DairySci. 86 (6), 2131–2144. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X

4. Morignat, E., Perrin, J. B., Gay, E., Vinard, J. L., Calavas, D., & Henaux, V. (2014). Assessment of the impact of the 2003 and 2006 heat waves on cattle mortality in France. PLoS One, 9(3), e93176.

5. Petrusha, Ye. Z., Dibirov, R. M. (2014). Produktyvnist i povedinka koriv za ekstremalnykh parametriv atmosfernoho povitria [Productivity and behavior of cows under extreme parameters of atmospheric air]. Tekhnolohiia vyrobnytstva i pererobky produktsiï tvarynnytstva, 2. 124–128.  [in Ukrainian].

6. Boltyk, N. (2014). Vplyv teplovoho stresu na molochnu produktyvnist koriv. [The effect of heat stress on milk productivity of cows.] Naukovyi visnyk «Askaniia-Nova». 7.  72-76. [in Ukrainian].

7. Kravchenko Yu. S., Prusova H. L., Zolotarov A. P., Yeletska L. M., Tymchenko L. A. (2019). Temperatura navkolyshnoho seredovyshcha, yak faktor vplyvu na produktyvnist velykoi rohatoi khudoby. [Environment temperature as a factor of influence on the cattle’s productivity]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten Instytutu tvarynnytstva NAAN – Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science of the National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 121. 136–145. https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2019-121-136-146.  [in Ukrainian].

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9. Teoriia i praktyka normovanoi hodivli velykoi rohatoi khudoby: [Monohrafiia] [Theory and practice of rationed feeding of cattle] za red. V. M. Kandyby, I. I. Ibatullina, V. I. Kostenka. (2012). Zhytomyr: «Ruta». 860. [in Ukrainian].

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12. Kaufman, J. D., Kassube, K. R., & Ríus, A. G. Lowering rumen-degradable protein maintained energy-corrected milk yield and improved nitrogen-use efficiency in multiparous lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress (2017). J. DairySci. 100 (10), 8132-8145. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13026

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17. Bohdanov, H. O., Kandyba, V. M., Ibatullin, I. I., Melnychuk, D. O., Hetia, A. A. & Kostenko, O. I. (2012). Normy i ratsiony povnotsinnoi hodivli vysokoproduktyvnoi velykoi rohatoi khudoby: dovid.-posib. [Norms and rations of complete feeding of highly productive cattle]. Kyiv: Ahrarna nauka. 296. [in Ukrainian].

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article 

Rossokha V., PhD, sen. research, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-9349
Boyko Yelena, PhD, sen. research, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-046
Oliinychenko Y., PhD, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1000-0683
Institute of Animal Science of NAAS

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-164-171

Keywords: gene, kappa-casein, cattle, Charolais, polymorphism, meat productivity.

Abstract

Much attention is paid to the study of kappa-casein gene polymorphism in dairy breeds of cattle. Moreover, there is a lack of research on kappa-casein polymorphism in cattle beef breeds. Knowing that different alleles of the kappa-casein gene have different effects on milk yield and milk protein content, it would be important to study the exact allele associations in Ukrainian Charolais cattle. In addition, it would be relevant to find out whether there is an effect of different alleles of the kappa-casein gene on growth parameters in offspring. In addition, the current study would be highly relevant due to no previous research of κ- Cn in Ukrainian Charolais cattle.
   The polymorphism of the kappa-casein (κ-Cn) gene was studied in the population of Ukrainian Charolais cattle (n=29), "Privilla" agricultural company (Ukraine, Luhansk region) using the PCR-PDRF method. DNA was extracted from blood using the DNA Sorb isolation kit (AmplySens). Hind III restriction enzyme (FastDigest, Thermo Scientific) was used to see 2 allelic variants of κ-Cn polymorphism, which are A (273 bp) and B (182, 91 bp). The frequency of the A allele was 0.57±0.065 and 0.43±0.065 of the B allele. According to the genotyping results, allele frequency distribution in the population of 2021 did not reliably differ from the population of 2012. As a result, allele frequencies of the kappa-casein gene in 2012 for allele A was 0.61±0.054 and for B 0.39±0.054. This indicates the lack of selection pressure on population dynamics such as selective selection and gene drift over a period of 10 years.
   The frequency of AA genotypes was equal to 0.31, of BB genotype to 0.17 and of AB to 0.52. It was found that the theoretically expected number of genotypes, calculated according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, did not reliably differ from the actual number. It could be related to current alleles being within an equilibrium state.
   In cattle with different genotypes of the κ-Cn gene, the values of the liveweight gain (kg) and the average daily gain (g) were calculated. In cattle with the BB genotype, there was an increase in the weight gain of their calves at weaning at 210 days (206.0±5.65 kg). In addition, the average daily gain of calves was 981.0±26.94 g, compared to genotypes AA (201.4±8.08 kg and 958.9±37.85 g, respectively) and AB – (196.8±2.45 kg and 936.9±11.73 g, respectively). Though, there were no significant differences between AA, BB and AB genotypes considering the studied parameters.

References

1. Yukalo, V. G. (2021). Biolohichna aktyvnist proteiniv i peptydiv moloka: monohrafiia [Biological activity of milk proteins and peptides: monograph]. Ternopil: named after Ivan Puliui, 372 [in Ukrainian].

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3. Martin, P., Bianchi, L., Cebo, C., & Miranda, G. (2013). Genetic polymorphism of milk proteins: Quantitative variability and molecular diversity. Advanced dairy chemistry.  387–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4714-6.

4. Dolmatova, Y. Y., & Valytov, F. R. (2015). Ocenka geneticheskogo potenciala krupnogo rogatogo skota po markernym genam [Evaluation of genetic efficiency of cattle by markers]. Bulletin of the Bashkir University. 20(3).  850–852. [in Russian].

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9. Miluchová, M., Gábor, M., Candrák, J., Trakovická, A., & Candráková, K. (2018). Association of HindIII-polymorphism in kappa-casein gene with milk, fat and protein yield in Holstein cattle. Acta Biochimica Polomica. 65(3).  403–407.

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article 

Pomitun I. A., doctor agricultural science, profesor,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-3600
Kosova N. O., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior scientist,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-1994
Korkh I. V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior scientist,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-895X
Pankiv L. P., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior scientist,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3295-2132
Boyko N. V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-8456
Pomitun L.I., Researcher,  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-2898
Institute of Animal Science of NAAS

DOI https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2023-129-155-163

Keywords: selection, potential, variability, average daily growth, type of birth, inheritance.

Abstract

The research was conducted on young sheep of the Kharkiv internal breed type  of the Prekos breed, born in 2020. in the conditions of the research farm of the Institute of Animal Science  of the National Academy of Sciences "Gontarivka". The influence of different intensity and types of selection, as well as the level of feeding on the manifestation of this trait in animals of two generations was evaluated.  It was established that the indicators of average daily growth of lambs from birth to weaning from their mothers vary widely - from 38 to 591 g per day. At the same time, the average daily growth of singleton lambs in the selected groups M-, Mo and M+ exceeded the indicators of twins by 27.0%, respectively; 17.7% and 12.9%.
   In two adjacent generations (500 pairs of mothers and their daughters), the coefficient of inheritance of this trait was calculated. It turned out to be low, h2 = 0.046, and the dependence of the average daily growth of daughters on the value of this trait in their mothers, according to regression analysis, has the following form: Y=241.85+0.022X. Modeling of selection in the generation of mothers with regard to the influence on the average daily growth of animals of the daughter generation established that the difference between the offspring of mothers of classes M- and M+ is only 1.1% in favor of the latter, and their advantage over to selection, the variability of the trait in the compared groups of mothers narrowed to 13.1–18.8%, while in the corresponding groups of their daughters, this indicator was 27.2–34.1% and was close to the mean values for the sample. And although in terms of average daily gains before weaning, the parent rams exceeded the mother stock by 20.6% (p<0.001), the maximum of this trait was only 391 g/day, while the ewes exceeded 500 g/day.
   According to the calculated average daily growth potential, daughters should exceed their mothers by 10.4%, while in fact their advantage was almost 22%. This testifies to the influence on the degree of realization of this trait primarily by a complex of paratypic factors, to a lesser extent by parents, which allows us to conclude that there is a need to increase the selection pressure among future breeder rams and stabilize the feeding when raising lambs at a higher level.

References

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8. Edianingsih, P., Amalia, D. (2018). Local sheep body weight selection response on various selection intensity in Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia.  Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development 18, 3. 115-122.

9. Gizaw, S., Getachew, T., Goshme, S., Valle-Zárate, A., van Arendonk, J. A. M., Kemp, S., Mwan, A. O., & Dessie, T. (2014). Efficiency of selection for body weight in a cooperative village breeding program of Menz sheep under smallholder farming system. Animal. 8(8):1249-1254. https://doi:10.1017/ S1751731113002024

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